Abstracts from the 15th International Myopia Conference
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چکیده
s from the 15th International Myopia Conference Wenzhou, P.R. China. 23-27 September 2015 Published: 7 November 2016 O1 Changes in peripheral refraction associated with decreased ocular axial growth rate in marmosets Alexandra Benavente-Perez, Ann Nour, Tobin Ansel, Kathleen Abarr, Luying Yan, Keisha Roden, David Troilo Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY, 10036, USA Correspondence: Alexandra Benavente-Perez ([email protected]) Eye and Vision 2016, 3(Suppl 1):O1 Purpose To assess the peripheral refractive changes that occur when eye growth decelerates in marmosets. Methods We measured peripheral refraction and on-axis vitreous chamber depth on a total of 53 marmosets; 36 treated monocularly for 12 weeks 9 hrs/day (26 with -5 D contact lenses, 10 with +5 D) and 17 untreated controls. From the 26 marmosets treated with -5 D, 10 wore contact lenses 9 hrs/day without interruptions and were measured at the end of 10 weeks of treatment (T10) and after 4 weeks of recovery (R14). Eight had both contact lenses removed for 30 mins twice/day (mid-morning and mid-afternoon) during the first four weeks of treatment (early interruption group) and eight had the lenses removed during the second four weeks of treatment (late interruption group). The two interruption groups were measured after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment only (T4, T8, T12). Results When compared with marmosets with no interruption or late interruption, reduced ocular axial growth rate was seen in: (1) marmosets treated with +5 D; (2) marmosets interrupted during the first 4 weeks of treatment; (3) the recovery period of marmosets treated with -5 D compared (all p < 0.05). These eyes with significantly lower overall axial growth rates also exhibited less peripheral hyperopia on the nasal retina than marmosets with late interruption or continuous wear (p < 0.05), whereas marmosets treated with +5 D had similar axial and peripheral refractive profiles than untreated eyes (p > 0.05). In addition, the rate of axial eye growth in the continuous wear group regressed during the 4-week recovery period (p < 0.001) and became relatively more myopic on the nasal retina compared with their peripheral refractive state after treatment at the end of recovery (p < 0.01). Conclusion Relative peripheral refraction (RPR) changes with induced changes in axial eye growth. In previous studies we described how induced increases in axial growth rate changed the RPR towards relative hyperopia. We now report that eyes with slower axial growth rates during emmetropization, lens treatment or recovery from visual compensation, exhibit RPR changes towards relative myopia. These results, combined with previous results from our lab, suggest that peripheral refraction in the marmoset can become more hyperopic or myopic relative to axial refraction and it correlates with changes in axial eye growth. The changes are likely a consequence of induced © The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This artic International License (http://creativecommons reproduction in any medium, provided you g the Creative Commons license, and indicate if (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/ze axial changes, but may be a contributing visual factor in the further development of axial growth and myopia. O2 PPARα activation suppresses myopia development by increasing scleral collagen synthesis–a new drug target to suppress myopia development Chanyi Lu, Miaozhen Pan, Min Zheng, Jia Qu, Xiangtian Zhou School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China Correspondence: Xiangtian Zhou ([email protected]) Eye and Vision 2016, 3(Suppl 1):O2 Aims Myopia incidence is markedly increasing. Nearly 80 % of the individuals in some populations are afflicted with this sight-compromising problem. There are some indications that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor subtype, PPARα, may contribute to this processes because one of its effects includes reducing extracellular matrix elaboration during anti-fibrosis. Furthermore, a PPARα agonist also inhibited lens-induced form deprived (FD) myopia development in chickens. Thus, in the current work, we determined if: 1) Refractive error development in homozygous PPARα knockout mice is different than that in their wild-type (WT) counterparts; 2) the loss of PPARα function can affect scleral collagen expression; 3) peribulbar PPARα agonist injections of either Clofibrate, Fenofibrate or Bezafibrate in FD myopic guinea pigs alters this condition. Methods (1) Refractive development in homozygous and heterozygous PPARαknockout and WT littermate mice was measured at 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Refraction was measured with an eccentric infrared photorefractor. Corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and axial length (AL) were evaluated using optical coherence tomography. (2) The expression of collagen type I was detected by Western Blot. Four pieces of sclera from two mice were pooled together as one sample. The total protein was extracted by RIPA strong lysis buffer, broken down using ball mill with three stainless steel bead per tube at 30 Hz for 10 minutes, then sonicated at 200 Hz for 5 seconds with 3 cycles at an interval of 3 seconds per cycle. 100 μg protein sample was loaded on each sample well and hybridized with antibody. (3) Three-week old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal vision and form deprived myopia (FDM) groups. The FDM group was subdivided into: a) non-injection group; b) vehicle group and c) drug-treated group. Peribulbar injections were given daily for 4 weeks: the vehicle group received DMSO whereas the drug-treated groups received either Clofibrate, Fenofibrate, or Bezafibrate. Refraction and ocular biometric parameters were measured in both eyes of individual animals at 0, 2 and 4 weeks after drug treatment. Refraction was measured with an eccentric infrared photoretinoscope. Ocular dimensions were measured with an A-scan ultrasonograph. le is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 .org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and ive appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ro/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Eye and Vision 2016, 3(Suppl 1):28 Page 2 of 11
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